Personalized Operation of a Mobile Device Using Sensor Signatures

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for performing personalized operations of a mobile device are provided. An example method includes determining a sensor signature has been received. The sensor signature may be a combination of acoustic and non-acoustic inputs. A classification or recognition or matching score for the received sensor signature may be calculated. A context associated with one or more of the operations of the mobile device may be determined. A confidence level or weight may be determined for the acoustic and non-acoustic inputs based on the context. Based on the confidence level or weight, a determination may be made whether to perform the one or more operations. The determination whether to perform the one or more operations may be further based on a combination of the confidence level or weight and the score. Determining the context can include identifying the type and level of noise associated with the mobile device&#39;s environment.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/542,327, filed Nov. 14, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/904,295, filed Nov. 14, 2013. The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/860,515, filed Aug. 20, 2010, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/962,519, filed Dec. 7, 2010, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/814,119, filed Apr. 19, 2013, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/826,900, filed May 23, 2013, Provisional Application No. 61/826,915, filed May 23, 2013, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/836,977, filed Jun. 19, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/881,868, filed Sep. 24, 2013. The subject matter of the aforementioned applications is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

FIELD

The present application relates generally to mobile devices providing user interfaces, and, more specifically, to systems and methods for performing personalized operations of a mobile device.

BACKGROUND

A vendor of a mobile device will typically make fixed choices as to what functions of the mobile device are exposed to receive user-defined input, such as passwords or voice commands. Accordingly, a user must follow a prescribed procedure for a particular type of input in order to cause a desired behavior by the mobile device. This approach limits the level of personalization available to the user.

SUMMARY

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

Various embodiments of methods and systems for performing personalized operations and training the mobile device are provided. According to an example embodiment, a method includes determining that a sensor signature has been received, the sensor signature being a combination of at least one acoustic input and at least one non-acoustic input. The method may further include calculating a classification score or recognition score or matching score for the received sensor signatures. The method may also include determining a context associated with one or more operations of the mobile device. A confidence level or weight may be calculated for the at least one acoustic input and the at least one non-acoustic input based on the context. In various embodiments, a determination is made as to whether to perform the one or more operations of the mobile device depending on the classification or recognition or matching score combined with the calculated confidence level or weight. In some embodiments, if the calculated confidence level or weight exceeds a predetermined threshold, performance of the one or more operations can be initiated. In other embodiments, if the classification or recognition or matching score combined with the calculated confidence level or weight exceeds a predetermined threshold, performance of the one or more operations can be initiated.

According to some embodiments, the method includes identifying the type and level of noise associated with an environment of the mobile device. In other embodiments, the sensor signature is based on the at least one acoustic input and at least one non-acoustic input being received sequentially or simultaneously.

In some embodiments, the acoustic input can include a voice sound captured by at least one microphone of the mobile device. The voice sound can include at least one spoken keyword. The at least one spoken keyword can be used to select the operations.

In other example embodiments, the non-acoustic input includes one or more motions of the mobile device. For example, the motions can include vibrations of the mobile device due to being held by a hand, vibrations of the mobile device due to being tapped, one or more rotations of the mobile device, and a movement of the mobile device to draw a figure in space. The non-acoustic input can be detected by one or more sensors associated with the mobile device. The sensors can include one or more of the following: an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, proximity sensor, an image sensor, a Global Positioning System (GPS), and other physical sensors. In certain embodiments, a period of time is allowed between the acoustic input and non-acoustic input.

According to another example embodiment of the present disclosure, the steps of the method can be stored on a non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions, which when implemented by one or more processors perform the recited steps.

Other example embodiments of the disclosure and aspects will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the following drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is block diagram showing an example environment in which various methods for performing operations of a mobile device and various methods for training the mobile device can be practiced.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a mobile device that can implement a method for performing operations of a mobile device and a method for training the mobile device, according to an example embodiment.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are block diagrams showing screens of an application for training a mobile device, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing steps of a method for training a mobile device, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing steps of a method for performing operations of a mobile device, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 6 is block diagram of an example computer system that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing steps of a method for performing operations of a mobile device, according to another example embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure provides example systems and methods for performing personalized operations of a mobile device and training the mobile device. Embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced on a plurality of mobile devices. Mobile devices can be portable or stationary. Mobile devices can include: radio frequency (RF) receivers, transmitters, and transceivers, wired and/or wireless telecommunications and/or networking devices, amplifiers, audio and/or video players, encoders, decoders, speakers, inputs, outputs, storage devices, and user input devices. Mobile devices may include inputs such as buttons, switches, keys, keyboards, trackballs, sliders, touch screens, one or more microphones, gyroscopes, accelerometers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, and the like. Mobile devices can include outputs, such as LED indicators, video displays, touchscreens, speakers, and the like. In some embodiments, mobile devices may include hand-held devices, such as wired and/or wireless remote controls, notebook computers, tablet computers, all-in-ones, phablets, smart phones, personal digital assistants, media players, mobile telephones, and the like.

Mobile devices can be used in stationary and mobile environments. Stationary environments may include residencies, commercial buildings, or structures. Stationary environments can include living rooms, bedrooms, home theaters, conference rooms, auditoriums, and the like. For mobile environments, the systems may be moving with a vehicle, carried by a user, or be otherwise transportable.

According to an example embodiment, a method for performing operations of a mobile device includes determining that a signature has been received. The signature can include a combination of an acoustic input and non-acoustic input. The method can further include performing, in response to the determination, the operations of the mobile device, the operations being associated with the signature.

An example method for training a mobile device can include receiving a selection of one or more applications and sensor types from a user. The method can further include recording acoustic data and non-acoustic sensor data based at least on the selected sensor types. The method may allow generating a user-defined signature based at least on the acoustic data and non-acoustic sensor data. The user-defined signature can include a combination of the user-defined acoustic input sample and the user-defined non-acoustic input sample. The method can further include associating the generated signature with the selection of one or more applications.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an environment 100 is shown in which a method for performing operations of a mobile device and method for training the mobile device can be practiced. In example environment 100, a mobile device 110 can be operable to receive at least an acoustic audio signal from a user 140. In some embodiments, the mobile device 110 can receive the audio signal via one or more microphone(s) 120. The mobile device 110 can include non-acoustic sensors 130 (referred to as non-acoustic sensors herein to differentiate from acoustic sensors (e.g., microphones)). The acoustic audio signal and input from the non-acoustic sensors 130 (or various representations thereof) can be processed by the mobile device 110 to perform one or more operations.

In various embodiments, the non-acoustic sensors 130 include an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a gyroscope, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), a temperature sensor, an altitude sensor, a proximity sensor, a barometer, a humidity sensor, a color sensor, a light sensor, a pressure sensor, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module, a beacon, a (video) camera, a WiFi sensor, an ultrasound sensor, an infrared sensor, and a touch sensor. The video camera can be configured to capture still or moving images of an environment. The images captured by the video camera may include pictures taken within the visible light spectrum or within a non-visible light spectrum such as the infrared light spectrum (“thermal vision” images). The non-acoustic sensors 130 may also include variously a bio sensor, a photoplethysmogram (PPG), a Galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor, an internet of things, a social sensor (e.g. sensing various data from social networks), an ion gas analyzer, an electroencephalogram (EEG), and an electrocardiogram (EKG).

The acoustic audio signal can be contaminated by noise 150. Noise sources may include street noise, ambient noise, sound from the mobile device such as audio, speech from entities other than an intended speaker(s), and the like.

In some embodiments, the mobile device 110 can be communicatively coupled to a cloud-based computing resource(s) 160, also referred to as a computing cloud 160. The cloud-based computing resource(s) 160 can include computing resources (hardware and software) available at a remote location and accessible over a network (for example, the Internet). The cloud-based computing resources 160 can be shared by multiple users and can be dynamically re-allocated based on demand. The cloud-based computing resources 160 may include one or more server farms/clusters including a collection of computer servers which can be co-located with network switches and/or routers. In various embodiments, the mobiles devices 110 can be connected to the computing cloud 160 via one or more wired or wireless network(s). The mobile devices 110 can be operable to send data to computing cloud 160, with request computational operations being performed in the computing cloud 160, and receive back the result of the computational operations.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram 200 showing components of a mobile device 110, according to an example embodiment. Block diagram 200 provides exemplary details of a mobile device 110 of FIG. 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the mobile device 110 includes a receiver 210, one or more microphones 120, non-acoustic sensors 130, a processor 220, memory storage 230, an audio processing system 240, and a graphic display system 250. In other embodiments, the mobile device 110 includes additional or other components necessary for operations of mobile device 110. Similarly, the mobile device 110 can include fewer components that perform functions similar or equivalent to those depicted in FIG. 2.

The processor 220 includes hardware and/or software, which is operable to execute computer programs stored in a memory 230. The processor 220 is operable variously for floating point operations, complex operations, and other operations, including training a mobile device and performing personalized operations of a mobile device 110. In some embodiments, the processor 220 includes at least one of a digital signal processor, an image processor, an audio processor, a general-purpose processor, and the like.

The graphic display system 250 can be configured at least to provide a user graphic interface. In some embodiments, a touch screen associated with the graphic display system is utilized to receive an input from a user. Options can be provided to a user via an icon, text buttons, or the like in response to the user touching the screen in some manner.

The audio processing system 240 is configured to receive acoustic signals from an acoustic source via one or more microphone(s) 120 and process the acoustic signal components. In some embodiments, multiple microphones 120 are spaced a distance apart such that the acoustic waves impinging on the device from certain directions exhibit different energy levels at two or more microphones. After receipt by the microphone(s) 120, the acoustic signal(s) can be converted into electric signals. These electric signals can, in turn, be converted by an analog-to-digital converter (not shown) into digital signals for processing in accordance with some embodiments.

In various embodiments, where the microphone(s) 120 are omni-directional microphones that are closely spaced (e.g., 1-2 cm apart), a beamforming technique can be used to simulate a forward-facing and backward-facing directional microphone response. A level difference can be obtained using the simulated forward-facing and backward-facing directional microphone. The level difference can be used to discriminate speech and noise in, for example, the time-frequency domain, which can be used in noise and/or echo reduction. In some embodiments, some microphones are used mainly to detect speech and other microphones are used mainly to detect noise. In various embodiments, some microphones are used to detect both noise and speech.

In some embodiments, in order to suppress the noise, an audio processing system 240 includes a noise reduction module 245. The noise suppression can be carried out by the audio processing system 240 and noise reduction module 245 of the mobile device 110 based on inter-microphone level difference, level salience, pitch salience, signal type classification, speaker identification, and so forth. An example audio processing system suitable for performing noise reduction is discussed in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/832,901, entitled “Method for Jointly Optimizing Noise Reduction and Voice Quality in a Mono or Multi-Microphone System,” filed on Jul. 8, 2010, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. By way of example and not limitation, noise reduction methods are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/215,980, entitled “System and Method for Providing Noise Suppression Utilizing Null Processing Noise Subtraction,” filed Jun. 30, 2008, and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/699,732, entitled “System and Method for Utilizing Omni-Directional Microphones for Speech Enhancement,” filed Jan. 29, 2007, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIG. 3A is a block diagram 300 showing a first screen of an application for training a mobile device, according to an example embodiment. In the first screen, a user can be asked to select an operation for which he or she wants to create a personalized signature to perform the operation. The examples of the operations can include “open e-mail”, “search internet”, “take picture”, “record video”, “write SMS”, “make a call”, and the like. After selecting the operation, the training application can display to the user a second screen for selection of a combination of audio and non-acoustic sensory inputs to be used for generation of a complex signature associated with the selected operation.

FIG. 3B is a block diagram 310 showing the second screen of an application for training a mobile device. The user can be asked to select a type of audio and non-acoustic sensory inputs to generate the personalized signature associated with selected operation. The inputs may include, for example, “voice keyword”, “movement pattern”, “in hand” (e.g., holding the device in hand), “tapping” (e.g., tapping the screen), “vibrations”, “voice key phrase”, and the like. In some embodiments, alternatively or additionally, using a screen similar to that described in FIG. 3B, the user can be asked to select one or more sensors that can be used to record the sensory inputs. For example, the user can be asked to select an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, or other physical sensors to detect a motion pattern.

After selecting the one or more options for sensory inputs, the training application can ask the user to enter an audio input by uttering a keyword, a key phrase, or providing a particular sound (e.g., whistling or clapping) one or several times. The audio input can be saved for the comparison with future audio inputs. Upon accepting the audio input, the user can be asked to provide a sensory input one or more times until the particular sensory input is recognized. The sensory input may include a special gesture, for example, tapping the mobile device in a specific place while holding the mobile device “in hand” or not holding the mobile device “in hand”. The tapping can include touching the mobile device a specific number of times using, for example, a specific rhythm. In certain embodiment, the user may enter a motion pattern by performing a special motion of the mobile device while holding the mobile device “in hand”. For example, the motion pattern can includes a rotation of the mobile device clockwise or counterclockwise, making imaginary circles clockwise or counterclockwise, drawing an imaginary “figure 8”, a cross sign, and the like.

In some embodiments, the user can be allowed to specify a minimal and/or maximal window of a time between entering an audio input and a sensory input. The window of time can be used further in a user interface to allow the user to enter an audio first and the motion gesture/signature after the audio. Upon completing training the mobile device, the combination of audio and the sensory inputs can be associated with selected operation of the mobile device.

FIG. 4 illustrates a simplified flow diagram of a method 400 for training a mobile device, according to some example embodiments. At Step 410, a list of Applications is provided to a user. For example, a mobile device can provide, via a “Training GUI”, a list of actions associated with applications (e.g., open camera, make a phone call, perform internet search, and navigate to a destination) in one screen of the training program.

At Step 420, a selection of application(s) can be received. For example, the user can select application(s) for which he/she wants to define a “sensory trigger” (e.g., by checking it on the screen by touching the icon, for example). Once the user indicates that he/she wants to train the mobile device on launching a trigger for that particular application, another screen can be invoked, according to various embodiments.

At Step 430, a list of sensors (or a type of sensory input encompassing one or more sensors) can be furnished. For example, after the user checks the ones he/she wants to use, he/she can press the “done” icon, and, in response, the mobile device can start a training period. During the training period, the user can, for a period of time, perform a combined sensory activation in order to train the mobile device. Auditory inputs can include a key word or a key phrase provided by the user during the training. In some embodiments, sensory activation can be accomplished using a combination of auditory inputs (e.g., from a microphone or another transducer) and at least one non-auditory inputs (e.g., from a proximity sensor such as an infrared sensor, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a complex detection, and the like).

At Step 440, input(s) from selected sensor(s) are recorded for a predetermined amount of time. The user can be prompted to move and/or position the mobile device one or more times. The sensor data can represents the motion and/or positioning performed by the user.

At Step 450 of this example, the one or more recordings of sensor data can be combined to create a signature. The signature can be associated with the motion and/or positioning performed by the user. For example, the application “launch video camera” can be chosen for training in a first screen and the user can select both “in hand” and “voice command” in a second screen. After the selection is performed (e.g., “Done” button pressed), the user can hold the mobile device in his/her hand and utter the voice command he/she wants to use/associate with “open video”. A processor of the mobile device may record the voice command. Simultaneously or nearly simultaneously, the mobile device may record the readings received from the accelerometer/vibration/other physical sensors associated with mobile device within the same time interval as the spoken command, in order to associate the user input with an event of the user physically holding the mobile device. In various embodiments, the training program provides a certain period of time for recording. Upon expiration of the period of time for recording, the user can be provided, via the graphical user interface (GUI), a message asking the user to repeat the voice command one or few more times until a sufficient correlation is found.

The training program can keep a combination of the two (or more) “signatures” as a user defined trigger for the selected application(s). For example, after training, if the user says “open video” without holding the mobile device (e.g., phone), the command will be ignored (which is useful as the user may be talking to someone and not on the mobile device). In contrast, if the user utters the command while holding the mobile device, the mobile device can switch from a listening mode to launching a video recording application and start video recording. Although certain examples refer to the mobile device as a phone, it should be appreciated that the mobile device can be other than a phone, other examples being described in further detail herein.

In another example, the user can select application “make a call” and select vibration sensing as well as a voice command. Similarly to the example above, the user may want to tap the mobile device in a particular way while saying “call”. In this example, once the user selects “Done” on the second GUI screen, he/she can tap the mobile device a number of times (e.g., three times) while saying the word “call”. The mobile device can record the tapping sequence “signature” and the voice command that the user chose to record (in this case the word “call”), and a combination of these can be used in the future to cause the mobile device to launch the call screen. This approach allows the mobile device (e.g., one that always “listens” via its non-acoustic sensors and microphones) to ignore the word “call” that may be used in a normal conversation. However, if the user taps the mobile device in a certain way (e.g., three times) and utters voice command “call,” the trained mobile device can recognize the trained combination and trigger the application immediately.

FIG. 5 illustrates a simplified flow diagram of a method 500 for providing a personalized operation of a mobile device using acoustic and non-acoustic sensor information, according to some example embodiments. At Step 510, acoustic sensor data can be received. The acoustic sensor data can be provided by one or more transducers (e.g., microphone 120). The acoustic sensor data can include, for example, a key word or a key phrase. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) may be performed on the acoustic sensor data. In some embodiments, the acoustic sensor data is processed (e.g., noise reduction/suppression/cancellation, echo cancellation, and the like) prior to performing the ASR.

At Step 520, non-acoustic sensor data can be received, for example, from various non-acoustic sensors listed herein and the like.

The non-acoustic sensor data can be used for complex detections, such as “in hand.” When the user holds the mobile device, the mobile device can vibrate at a frequency that is in tune with the user's body and how the user holds the mobile device. The resulting very low frequency vibration can be distinct and different from the frequency generated when, for example, the mobile device is at rest on a table.

For example, the user can tap on the mobile device causes the mobile device to accelerate in a certain way. Indicators used to determine whether the tapping occurs can include the number of taps, frequency, and force. By way of further example, holding the mobile device as if the user were taking a picture and uttering a key word or a key phrase can launch a camera application for taking pictures.

At Step 530, the acoustic sensor data and the non-acoustic sensor data can be compared to the signature created during the training in order to determine whether a trigger exists. When the acoustic sensor data and the non-acoustic sensor data received within some period of time match the signature created during the training and there exists a trigger, the method proceeds to Step 540. When there is no trigger, the method returns to Steps 510 and 520.

At Step 540, the mobile device can performs an operation (e.g., run an application) corresponding to the matched trigger. Operations can include, for example, open mail, conduct search (e.g., via Google and the like), take a picture, record a video, send a text, maps/navigation, and the like.

It should be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks of FIGS. 4 and 5 may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary computer system 600 that may be used to implement some embodiments of the present invention. The computer system 600 of FIG. 6 may be implemented in the contexts of the likes of computing systems, networks, servers, or combinations thereof. The computer system 600 of FIG. 6 includes one or more processor units 610 and main memory 620. Main memory 620 stores, in part, instructions and data for execution by processor units 610. Main memory 620 stores the executable code when in operation, in this example. The computer system 600 of FIG. 6 further includes a mass data storage 630, portable storage device 640, output devices 650, user input devices 660, a graphics display system 670, and peripheral devices 680.

The components shown in FIG. 6 are depicted as being connected via a single bus 690. The components may be connected through one or more data transport means. Processor unit 610 and main memory 620 is connected via a local microprocessor bus, and the mass data storage 630, peripheral device(s) 680, portable storage device 640, and graphics display system 670 are connected via one or more input/output (I/O) buses.

Mass data storage 630, which can be implemented with a magnetic disk drive, solid state drive, or an optical disk drive, is a non-volatile storage device for storing data and instructions for use by processor unit 610. Mass data storage 630 stores the system software for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure for purposes of loading that software into main memory 620.

Portable storage device 640 operates in conjunction with a portable non-volatile storage medium, such as a flash drive, floppy disk, compact disk, digital video disc, or Universal Serial Bus (USB) storage device, to input and output data and code to and from the computer system 600 of FIG. 6. The system software for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure is stored on such a portable medium and input to the computer system 600 via the portable storage device 640.

User input devices 660 can provide a portion of a user interface. User input devices 660 may include one or more microphones, an alphanumeric keypad, such as a keyboard, for inputting alphanumeric and other information, or a pointing device, such as a mouse, a trackball, stylus, or cursor direction keys. User input devices 660 can also include a touchscreen. Additionally, the computer system 600 as shown in FIG. 6 includes output devices 650. Suitable output devices 650 include speakers, printers, network interfaces, and monitors.

Graphics display system 670 include a liquid crystal display (LCD) or other suitable display device. Graphics display system 670 is configurable to receive textual and graphical information and processes the information for output to the display device.

Peripheral devices 680 may include any type of computer support device to add additional functionality to the computer system.

The components provided in the computer system 600 of FIG. 6 are those typically found in computer systems that may be suitable for use with embodiments of the present disclosure and are intended to represent a broad category of such computer components that are well known in the art. Thus, the computer system 600 of FIG. 6 can be a personal computer (PC), hand held computer system, telephone, mobile computer system, workstation, tablet, phablet, mobile phone, server, minicomputer, mainframe computer, wearable, or any other computer system. The computer may also include different bus configurations, networked platforms, multi-processor platforms, and the like. Various operating systems may be used including UNIX, LINUX, WINDOWS, MAC OS, PALM OS, QNX ANDROID, IOS, CHROME, TIZEN and other suitable operating systems.

The processing for various embodiments may be implemented in software that is cloud-based. In some embodiments, the computer system 600 is implemented as a cloud-based computing environment, such as a virtual machine operating within a computing cloud. In other embodiments, the computer system 600 may itself include a cloud-based computing environment, where the functionalities of the computer system 600 are executed in a distributed fashion. Thus, the computer system 600, when configured as a computing cloud, may include pluralities of computing devices in various forms, as will be described in greater detail below.

In general, a cloud-based computing environment is a resource that typically combines the computational power of a large grouping of processors (such as within web servers) and/or that combines the storage capacity of a large grouping of computer memories or storage devices. Systems that provide cloud-based resources may be utilized exclusively by their owners or such systems may be accessible to outside users who deploy applications within the computing infrastructure to obtain the benefit of large computational or storage resources.

The cloud may be formed, for example, by a network of web servers that comprise a plurality of computing devices, such as the computer system 600, with each server (or at least a plurality thereof) providing processor and/or storage resources. These servers may manage workloads provided by multiple users (e.g., cloud resource customers or other users). Typically, each user places workload demands upon the cloud that vary in real-time, sometimes dramatically. The nature and extent of these variations typically depends on the type of business associated with the user.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 700 for performing operations of a mobile device, according some example embodiments. At step 702, the method 700 determines that a sensor signature has been received and calculates a score for the received sensor signature. The sensor signature may be a combination of at least one acoustic input and at least one non-acoustic input. At step 704, a context associated with one or more operations of the mobile device is then determined. At step 706, a confidence level or weight may be calculated for the at least one acoustic input and the at least one non-acoustic input based on the context. At step 708, the calculated score combined with the confidence level or weight associated with the sensor signature is compared to a predetermined threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, then, at step 710, the one or more operations of the mobile device is performed based on the sensor signature, and the method loops back to step 704 to check for additional context indications. If the threshold is not exceeded, the method also loops back to step 704 to check for additional context indications.

In various embodiments, the user can specify a sequence of audio and sensory inputs to be associated with a selected operation of the mobile device. For example, the user can specify that the selected operation of the mobile device is triggered only when the user picks up the mobile device first and then utters a keyword, but is not triggered if the user utters a keyword first and then picks up the mobile device.

Robust detection and recognition of events and/or actions in a multi-sensory space (e.g., multi-sensor event detection) may be needed in order to trigger specific programs. Multi-sensor event detection could be used for authentication, user interface, context awareness, and the like. In some embodiments, the events can trigger particular actions. The actions or events may be deliberate or passively observed. Further, the actions or events may be user specific (e.g., for authentication) or user unspecific (e.g., a user is determined to be standing or sitting). Additionally, multiple actions and/or events types may occur simultaneously.

The use of multi-sensors may help in determining context and may further minimize false detection (e.g., false positive, false negative, etc.), according to various embodiments. Some techniques related to determining a state associated with a device in accordance with a classification of sensor measurements associated with the device are discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/939,126 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,775,128), filed Jul. 10, 2013, entitled “Selecting Feature Types to Extract Based on Pre-Classification of Sensor Measurements,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Other techniques related to determining device context in accordance with sensor measurements and system signals are discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/090,966, filed Nov. 26, 2013, entitled “Combining Monitoring Sensor Measurements and System Signals to Determine Device Context,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Further techniques related to authentication of users based on sensor data are discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/548,207, filed Nov. 19, 2014, entitled “Method for Modeling User Possession of Mobile Device for User Authentication Framework,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Additional techniques related to determining and using context information (including a user's location) to improve device performance are discussed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/683,057, filed Apr. 9, 2015, entitled “Determining a Spatial Relationship between Different User Contexts,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

According to various embodiments, example action/event types can include a spoken phrase, a specific hand gesture or movement trajectory, a user's (or another individual's) face in front of a camera, a walking gait, a movement or walking past a specific area, and the like. The action/event types may occur individually, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the action/event types may occur in combination, for example, simultaneously or in sequence.

According to other embodiments, example programs triggered can include unlocking a mobile device, authenticating a user, opening/launching an application, accessing a menu item in an application, sending a notification, and the like.

A variety of sensors present in a mobile device or wearable, for example, may be used to enhance user experience and to offer multiple advantages, in addition to enabling new functionality of the mobile device. For example, using audio for authentication (e.g., voice biometric) can have the disadvantage of being recordable and the recorded audio can be used by an imposter to gain access to user data on the mobile device; conversely, accelerometer data would not have the same issue of being recordable.

In various embodiments, the use of multiple sensors offers advantages in robustness. For example, a user can define unique and inimitable signatures. In another example, a user can define and control device functionality and experience. These inimitable unique signatures in a multi-sensory space may be used for authentication. In some embodiments, the sensors used can include one or more of the following: an acoustic sensor (e.g., a microphone), an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, an atmospheric pressure sensor (e.g., a barometer), a light sensor, an image sensor (e.g., a video camera), a biometric sensor (e.g., for fingerprints), and the like.

According to various embodiments, one or more repetitions of an action/event (action types) are represented by data from one or more sensors in various combinations. Data patterns corresponding to the action types may be stored in memory. In certain embodiments, machine learning based on the data patterns is included. For machine learning-based embodiments, derived models may be stored in memory along with the data patterns or in place of the data patterns. A variety of methods can be used for machine learning, e.g., neural networks, support vector machines (SVMs), random forests, and so forth. The action types can be stored in memory and then used to detect when new action/events examples from an action/event type re-occurs. Depending on both the sequence and simultaneity of the detected action types, a program can be executed in response to the detected action types.

In some embodiments, if all of the data comes from a specific user, the results will be user specific. In other embodiments, if the data is pooled across users, the results will be user unspecific. Sensor signatures can, in general, be user-agnostic or user-specific. Data for signatures can be pooled across (collected from) multiple/many users. For example, for voice samples where many users saying a certain key phrase, data patterns or machine learning on the voice samples would result in a model that can be used to detect the event in a user-unspecific way (or the detection would work for a population of users). Data for signatures could also be collected exclusively from a target user. In that case, the data patterns or machine learning derived models could enable detection of the signature for a specific target user. Furthermore, data collected for signatures from non-target users can be used to improve/enhance the user-specific nature. Taking the same example as above, voice samples that include a target user speaking a certain key phrase can be used to learn/represent the contrast/uniqueness in comparison to a member of the general population reproducing the same signature. In the above examples, the voice samples could be readily replaced with any complex signature in the multi-modal sensor space.

By way of example and not limitation, various aspects of the method may be exemplified where there are: differing sample rates of different sensor data (e.g., the characteristics of each device is different, for example, the calibration of the sensors, which can affect the sample rates); differing dimensionality of the different sensor data (e.g., an accelerometer measures 3-dimensions, a barometer measures 1-dimension, etc.) differing data dynamic ranges of different sensor data; dynamic availability of various sensors (e.g., sensors may be present or absent in various situations); and encrypting and decrypting of sensor data to enhance user privacy (different levels of encryption may be required for different signatures as, for example, a voice signature could be easier to spoof (by recording the voice of a user by an imposter), but a motion signature could be more difficult).

In dealing with the dynamic availability of various sensors, there may be different confidence levels or weights depending on the context. In some embodiments, context of a user or mobile device can be used in combination with various sensor signatures. In one example, when a user is in a noisy environment, a lower confidence or weight may be determined for voice-based signatures as compared to other sensor signatures. In another example, a user may have specified a motion (for example, drawing an imaginary “figure 8” with a mobile device) and a keyword that is associated with a selected operation of the mobile device. While the user is in a noisy environment, the confidence level may be set to a lower confidence level for detection of the keyword (since that detection could be affected by the noisy environment) and the confidence level may be set to a higher confidence level for detection of the “figure 8” motion (since that detection would not be affected by the noisy environment). In various embodiments, the lower/higher confidence is automatically determined by the system/device. In one example, the models that utilize machine learning based on the data patterns would output lower confidence scores when detection occurred in noisy environments. Alternatively, this information could originate from an independent source. In the particular example of voice samples/signatures, a signal-to-noise ratio estimate can be obtained by the system which in turn is used to determine appropriate confidence score given to the voice samples in the multi-dimensional sensor signature. The overall confidence scores corresponding to a signature or sequence/combination of events detected could in turn define the security levels. For example, the user or system could set different security levels for accessing different applications. A banking application, for instance, can require a higher security level as compared to accessing a camera on a mobile device.

In other embodiments, the confidence level needed for each sensor signature (e.g., acoustic signature, non-acoustic signature, etc.) to trigger an operation may differ depending on the operation desired. For example, the confidence level needed to open a banking or an email application on a mobile device would be higher than the confidence level required to open a camera or a weather application.

In some embodiments, a newly occurring action/event is classified into one or more pre-defined “action types”, by combining sensor data produced by this action/event and stored data patterns corresponding to the “action types”. Classified action types may also be associated with a classification score.

In further embodiments, program execution depends on a sequence of one or more classified “action types” and their corresponding classification scores. Any and all action types may occur at a given time step, and any combination of action types at a given time step may be followed by a different combination of action types at the next time step, according to various embodiments.

The present technology is described above with reference to example embodiments. Therefore, other variations upon the example embodiments are intended to be covered by the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for operation of a mobile device, the method comprising: determining that a sensor signature has been received, the sensor signature being a combination of at least one acoustic input and at least one non-acoustic input; determining a context associated with one or more operations of the mobile device; determining a confidence level or weight for the at least one acoustic input and the at least one non-acoustic input based on the context; determining, based on the confidence level or weight, whether to perform the one or more operations of the mobile device; and initiating performance of the one or more operations of the mobile device associated with the sensor signature, if the confidence level or weight exceeds a predetermined threshold.
 2. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising calculating a score for the received sensor signatures; wherein the determining whether to perform the one or more operations of the mobile device is further based on the score.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the context includes identifying the type and level of noise associated with an environment of the mobile device.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor signature is based on the at least one acoustic input and the at least one non-acoustic input being received sequentially.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor signature is based on the at least one acoustic input and the at least one non-acoustic input being received simultaneously.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one acoustic input includes a voice sound, the voice sound being captured by at least one microphone of the mobile device.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one non-acoustic input is detected by one or more sensors associated with the mobile device.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the one or more sensors include one or more of the following: an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, an image sensor, and a Global Positioning System (GPS).
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one non-acoustic input includes a determination of one or more motions of the mobile device, the determination of the one or more motions of the mobile device comprising a measurement of the one or more motions of the mobile device.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more motions include one or more of the following: vibrations of the mobile device due to being held by a hand, vibrations of the mobile device due to tapping on the mobile device, one or more rotations of the mobile device, and movement of the mobile device to draw a figure in a space.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining that the sensor signature has been received comprises deriving models using machine learning based on actions associated with a particular user, the determination of receipt of the sensor signature for the particular user being based on the machine learning derived models.
 12. The method of claim 2, wherein the score is a classification score.
 13. The method of claim 2, wherein the score is a recognition or matching score.
 14. A system for operation of a mobile device, the system comprising: a processor; and a memory communicatively coupled with the processor, the memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, perform a method comprising: determining that a sensor signature has been received, the sensor signature being a combination of at least one acoustic input and at least one non-acoustic input; determining a context associated with one or more operations of the mobile device; determining a confidence level or weight for the at least one acoustic input and the at least one non-acoustic input based on the context; and determining, based on the confidence level or weight, whether to perform the one or more operations of the mobile device; and initiating performance of the one or more operations of the mobile device associated with the sensor signature, if the confidence level or weight exceeds a predetermined threshold.
 15. The system of claim 14, the method further comprising calculating a classification or recognition or matching score for the received sensor signatures; wherein the determining whether to perform the one or more operations of the mobile device is further based on the classification or recognition or matching score.
 16. The system of claim 14, wherein determining the context includes identifying the type and level of noise associated with an environment of the mobile device.
 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the sensor signature is based on the at least one acoustic input and the at least one non-acoustic input being received sequentially or simultaneously.
 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the at least one acoustic input includes a voice sound, the voice sound being captured by at least one microphone of the mobile device; and wherein the at least one non-acoustic input includes a determination of one or more motions of the mobile device being detected by one or more sensors associated with the mobile device, the one or more sensors including one or more of the following: an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, an image sensor, and a Global Positioning System (GPS).
 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having embodied thereon instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors, perform steps of a method, the method comprising: determining that a sensor signature has been received, the sensor signature being a combination of at least one acoustic input and at least one non-acoustic input; determining a context associated with one or more operations of the mobile device; determining a confidence level or weight for the at least one acoustic input and the at least one non-acoustic input based on the context; determining, based on the confidence level or weight, whether to perform the one or more operations of the mobile device; and initiating performance of the one or more operations of the mobile device associated with the sensor signature, if the confidence level or weight exceeds a predetermined threshold.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, the method further comprising calculating a score for the received sensor signatures; wherein the determining whether to perform the one or more operations of the mobile device is further based on the score. 